The 100 Most-Cited Websites in Google AI Overviews for High-Stakes Health and Medical Consumer Decisions

See the 100 most-cited websites in Google AI Overviews for health and medical decisions, with rankings, concentration data, and vertical-level findings.

Research27 minutesUpdated Sep 28, 2026By Mark Huntley, J.D.

LLM Authority Index Research | Google AI Overviews | Health and Medical | July-September 2026

Google AI Overviews uses a markedly different source mix when consumers ask high-stakes health and medical questions than it does across the broader high-stakes web.

LLM Authority Index analyzed 4,160 deduplicated Google AI Overviews responses across 14 health and medical verticals from July through September 2026. Those responses produced 18,284 visible citation events, 2,715 cited registrable domains, and 15,150 domain-response appearances under the same response-level counting framework used throughout the 2026 AI Citation Authority research series.

YouTube ranked #1, appearing in 11.3% of responses. GoodRx ranked #2 at 10.1%, NCOA #3 at 6.7%, Amazon #4 at 6.5%, and Reddit #5 at 5.8%.

The most important result is not that health and medical Google AI Overviews is dramatically more or less concentrated than Google AI Overviews overall. It is that the composition of the source market changes sharply. The Top 100 domains in this health and medical slice account for 50.2% of domain-response appearances, close to the 51.9% observed in the overall Google AI Overviews study. Yet this health and medical Top 100 shares only 29 domains with the overall AIO Top 100.

That distinction matters commercially. A broad AIO source list can describe the platform, but it is not a substitute for a category-specific earned-media map in healthcare.

This study is the intersection of the Health and Medical Citation Authority Study and the Google AI Overviews Top 100 study.

Answer Capsule

Which websites are most frequently cited by Google AI Overviews for high-stakes health and medical consumer decisions? In the LLM Authority Index July-September 2026 panel, YouTube ranked #1 at 11.3% response citation coverage, GoodRx #2 at 10.1%, NCOA #3 at 6.7%, Amazon #4 at 6.5%, and Reddit #5 at 5.8%. The study covers 4,160 deduplicated responses across 14 health and medical verticals. The Top 25 account for 30.4% of domain-response appearances, the Top 100 account for 50.2%, and 69 domains remained in the health and medical AIO Top 100 in all three months. Only 29 domains overlap with the broad Google AI Overviews Top 100, showing that category context changes the source universe materially.

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Key Findings

  • The raw archive contains 4,466 Google AI Overviews observations associated with the Health and Medical family from July through September 2026.
  • 11 observations in this platform-category slice were explicitly marked as extraction failures.
  • After the same global exact-repeat handling used in the flagship study, the health and medical AIO slice contains 4,160 deduplicated responses.
  • Those responses contain 18,284 visible citation events, 2,715 cited registrable domains, and 15,150 domain-response appearances.
  • YouTube ranked #1 at 11.3% response coverage, followed by GoodRx at 10.1%, NCOA at 6.7%, Amazon at 6.5%, and Reddit at 5.8%.
  • The Top 25 account for 30.4% of domain-response appearances, while the Top 100 account for 50.2%.
  • The health and medical AIO Top 100 shares 79 domains with the all-platform Health and Medical Top 100 but only 29 domains with the broad AIO Top 100. Across the final Health platform child studies, AIO shares 76 Top 100 domains with Google AI Mode, 52 with Gemini, 50 with Perplexity, 41 with Microsoft Copilot and 39 with ChatGPT.
  • 69 domains appeared in the health and medical AIO Top 100 in July, August and September.
  • July and September shared 70 of 100 leading domains, or 53.8% Jaccard similarity.
  • Reddit appears across 13 of 14 health and medical verticals. YouTube and GoodRx appear across 12. NIH appears across 11.
  • Health and medical citation authority is highly vertical-specific. Aspen Dental leads Dental Implants, NCOA leads Hearing Aids and Medical Alert Systems, Sesame Care leads Online Doctors, GoodRx leads Online Pharmacies, Talkspace leads Online Therapy, and Everlywell leads STD Tests.
  • GoodRx is especially category-specific: it appears in 10.1% of health and medical AIO responses compared with 2.6% across AIO's broader high-stakes panel.
  • Reddit moves in the opposite direction: it appears in 5.8% of this health and medical AIO slice versus 11.7% across Google AI Overviews overall.

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Questions This Study Answers

  • Which websites dominate Google AI Overviews citations for high-stakes health and medical decisions, and how does that source hierarchy change by vertical?
  • How persistent is the Google AI Overviews health source market over time, and how portable is that authority to other AI platforms?
  • What should health publishers, healthcare brands and CMOs measure before allocating resources to AIO-focused content, PR, partnerships or earned media?

Why This Research Belongs in Daily AI Search Marketing Decisions

This study is research-based, but its purpose is commercial decision support.

This Article sits at the intersection of two commercially useful views of the same source market:

  • the Google AI Overviews platform view, which asks which sources recur across high-stakes consumer decisions on one Google AI surface; and
  • the Health and Medical decision-family view, which asks which sources recur across six AI platform families for one high-stakes consumer category.

For health publishers, specialist sites, providers and marketplaces, that intersection creates a more precise claim than saying a domain is simply "visible in Google AI." A source can document whether it is visible specifically inside Google AI Overviews for defined health and medical consumer decisions, whether that visibility persists over time, and whether its authority is broad across many health verticals or concentrated in one specialist decision journey.

For healthcare brands, providers, CMOs, PR teams and agencies, the operating question is:

Which sources are already present around the exact health and medical decisions our customers ask Google AI Overviews to help them make?

Four findings matter for daily planning:

  • the Top 100 account for 50.2% of response-level domain appearances in this Google AI Overviews health and medical slice, close to the 51.9% observed across Google AI Overviews overall;
  • only 29 domains overlap between this Health and Medical Top 100 and the broad Google AI Overviews Top 100, so similar concentration does not mean similar source composition;
  • 69 domains remained in the monthly Health and Medical AIO Top 100 in July, August and September, and the median of the three monthly Top 100 Jaccard comparisons was 65.3%; and
  • the final health child-study Top 100 lists show Google AI Overviews sharing 76 domains with Google AI Mode, 52 with Gemini, 50 with Perplexity, 41 with Microsoft Copilot and 39 with ChatGPT.

The parent Health and Medical Citation Authority Study provides the category-level Persistence-Portability Gap interpretation. Under its reconciled final-platform methodology, it reports 61.3% temporal persistence, 25.8% cross-platform portability, and an approximate 35.5 percentage-point Persistence-Portability Gap for Health and Medical decisions.

That category gap is exploratory. It is based on published category summary statistics, not a newly controlled platform-by-month experiment. Article 24 should not create a separate Google AI Overviews gap by subtracting its 65.3% monthly persistence from one pairwise platform overlap. One value summarizes time within a single platform, while a single platform pair does not represent the six-platform portability distribution.

The commercial implication is that Google AI Overviews has a meaningful recurring health source core, but that core does not transfer cleanly across the rest of the AI search market. Even inside Google, AI Mode shares 76 of the AIO Health Top 100 domains rather than all 100.

Current outside research also shows why the prompt population and measurement contract have to travel with every health-source claim.

BrightEdge's August 31, 2026 healthcare study reports a very different source hierarchy between ChatGPT and Google AI Overviews. In its Google AIO healthcare series, YouTube rose sharply and remained above the tracked clinical sources by late August. That is directionally consistent with YouTube ranking #1 in this LLMAI commercial Health and Medical AIO panel. BrightEdge healthcare authority study

Conductor's 2026 Health Care benchmark reports that 48.7% of page-one Google queries in its healthcare sample produced an AI Overview and that Healthline led AIO share of voice across its broader Health Care industry benchmark. Conductor Health Care AEO/GEO benchmarks

A peer-reviewed 2026 Web Science audit of 900 U.S. health queries found AI Overviews on 87.7% of the queries, only 46.2% source overlap between organic results and AI citations, and YouTube as the second-most-cited AI Overview source. Web Science health-query audit

Those studies should not be merged numerically with this one. BrightEdge, Conductor and the Web Science audit use different health-query populations, time windows, source definitions and denominators. The useful agreement is structural: health-source visibility changes materially with engine, intent, source class and measurement design, and YouTube can be unusually important in Google AI Overviews.

This article measures source presence in high-stakes consumer decisions. It does not measure clinical quality, medical accuracy, endorsement or whether a cited source caused Google to recommend a healthcare company or product.

Commercial Action Matrix: What Publishers and CMOs Can Do With the Findings

Research findingWhat health publishers and specialist sources can responsibly sayWhat healthcare brands and CMOs can reasonably do
YouTube, GoodRx, NCOA, Amazon and Reddit lead this Google AI Overviews health source map"Our domain can be benchmarked against the sources most frequently cited in Google AI Overviews for this defined health decision set."Use the category leaders as a research tier, then test fit for the exact health vertical and consumer decision.
The Top 100 account for 50.2% of response-level domain appearances"The measured AIO health source market has a meaningful recurring core, but half of source appearances remain outside the Top 100."Maintain a broad source map rather than concentrating outreach around only a small group of large publishers.
Only 29 domains overlap with the broad Google AI Overviews Top 100"Category-specific health authority can be commercially meaningful without broad platform-wide rank."Use health-specific source maps instead of generic lists of sites Google AI Overviews cites.
69 domains remained in the Top 100 across all three months and median monthly Jaccard was 65.3%"Portfolio-level AIO health source authority was persistent during this three-month window, but not static."Keep a durable core list, then refresh the perimeter on a fixed cadence.
Google AI Overviews shares 76 Health Top 100 domains with Google AI Mode"The two Google AI surfaces share a substantial health source core, but they are not interchangeable."Maintain a common Google source layer plus AIO-specific and AI Mode-specific priorities.
AIO shares only 39 Health Top 100 domains with ChatGPT and 41 with Copilot"Strong Google AIO health visibility does not establish broad cross-platform authority."Measure portability before allocating cross-platform PR, content or partnership resources.
The parent Health study reports a 35.5-point exploratory Persistence-Portability Gap"Health citation authority was more durable over time than portable across the six measured AI platforms."Separate the time question from the platform question when deciding which sources deserve sustained investment.
Specialist leaders differ sharply across Dental Implants, Hearing Aids, Online Doctors, Online Pharmacies, Online Therapy and other verticals"Our strongest measured authority may be vertical-specific rather than category-wide."Build outreach and content strategy at the exact health product, provider or service decision level.
YouTube ranks #1 in this AIO panel and independent research also finds elevated YouTube visibility in health AIOs"Video can be a measurable source class in Google AI Overviews for health decisions."Audit cited video URLs and decide whether original video, expert participation or earned video coverage fits the target decision cluster.
Citation visibility does not establish medical quality or recommendation causality"Our content is measurably present in the visible source layer."Use citation data to prioritize research and outreach, then separately measure mentions, recommendation rate, rank, sentiment, citation-recommendation coupling and downstream outcomes.
Mentions or share of voice alone do not establish commercial influence"Source visibility is one observable layer, not proof of downstream impact."Keep citations, mentions, recommendations, sentiment and business outcomes as separate measurements.

The daily operating model is therefore four-layered:

  1. Current Google AI Overviews health core: maintain the sources that matter now, with the collection date attached.
  2. Vertical and decision-cluster layer: identify which sources dominate the exact hearing aid, dental implant, online pharmacy, fertility, therapy or other consumer decision.
  3. Longitudinal check: monitor whether priority sources persist, decline, rotate or change rank.
  4. Cross-platform check: determine whether the same sources also matter in Google AI Mode, ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity and Microsoft Copilot.

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How This Study Fits the High-Stakes Consumer Decisions Research Corpus

This Article is the intersection of two parent studies:

It should also be read with:

What We Studied

This analysis uses the same frozen July through September 2026 parent corpus and anti-double-counting rules used throughout the LLM Authority Index 66-study series. It restricts that analytical corpus to the Google AI Overviews platform family and the Health and Medical research family.

Study size

MeasureValue
Raw Google AI Overviews health/medical observations4,466
Explicit extraction failures11
Raw citation-array entries19,181
Deduplicated eligible responses4,160
Visible citation events18,284
Registrable domains cited2,715
Domain-response appearances15,150
July responses1,317
August responses1,390
September responses1,453
Source vertical labels14

The 14 source vertical labels are: Addiction Treatment Centers; Assisted Living Facilities; Dental Implants; Fertility Clinics; Hearing Aids; Home Health Care; IVF Clinics; Medical Alert Systems; Mental Health Treatment Centers; Online Doctors; Online Pharmacies; Online Therapy; STD Tests; and Weight Loss and Metabolic Health.

This section answers

  • What denominator and primary ranking metric does this study use?
  • How many Google AI Overviews health and medical responses were analyzed?
  • Which health and medical vertical datasets are included?

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The 25 Most-Cited Websites in Google AI Overviews for Health and Medical Decisions

RankDomainResponse CoverageCitation EventsHealth/Medical VerticalsLift vs. AIO Overall
1youtube.com11.27%711121.14x
2goodrx.com10.14%941123.89x
3ncoa.org6.73%53624.17x
4amazon.com6.47%306104.11x
5reddit.com5.82%271130.50x
6aspendental.com5.58%28914.26x
7healthline.com5.34%237103.65x
8forbes.com5.14%23860.64x
9doctorondemand.com4.64%23844.26x
10sesamecare.com4.54%27654.26x
11affordabledentures.com4.25%23414.26x
12seniorliving.org4.09%22052.55x
13hearingtracker.com4.04%29114.21x
14talkspace.com3.80%18134.26x
15plushcare.com3.77%18144.26x
16walgreens.com3.20%14754.26x
17carecredit.com3.05%13754.04x
18betterhelp.com2.91%15124.26x
19consumerreports.org2.62%12162.51x
20cvs.com2.55%11354.26x
21singlecare.com2.36%15353.83x
22usnews.com2.19%10470.31x
23everydayhealth.com2.16%10584.21x
24clearchoice.com2.07%10314.26x
25revitalizedentalky.com1.90%9014.26x

The first five domains illustrate five different source roles:

  • YouTube represents user-uploaded and publisher-produced video, with visibility across 12 verticals.
  • GoodRx combines consumer health publishing, pharmacy pricing and commercial healthcare navigation.
  • NCOA is a nonprofit authority with exceptional visibility in Hearing Aids and Medical Alert Systems.
  • Amazon is a marketplace and first-party commercial source, especially visible in Online Pharmacies and related consumer decisions.
  • Reddit is a community platform with the broadest vertical footprint in the Top 100, appearing across 13 of 14 source verticals.

The result is not a conventional clinical-authority list. That is expected because this prompt family is deliberately focused on consumer decisions with commercial intent, not only on symptoms, disease definitions or clinical treatment questions.

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The Full Top 100 Google AI Overviews Health and Medical Citation Sources

RankDomainResponses Citing DomainResponse CoverageCitation EventsHealth/Medical VerticalsJulAugSep
1youtube.com46911.27%71112211
2goodrx.com42210.14%94112122
3ncoa.org2806.73%53621033
4amazon.com2696.47%30610344
5reddit.com2425.82%27113458
6aspendental.com2325.58%2891576
7healthline.com2225.34%23710695
8forbes.com2145.14%2386987
9doctorondemand.com1934.64%238471011
10sesamecare.com1894.54%276511119
11affordabledentures.com1774.25%234181312
12seniorliving.org1704.09%220523610
13hearingtracker.com1684.04%2911121213
14talkspace.com1583.80%1813131514
15plushcare.com1573.77%1814141415
16walgreens.com1333.20%1475171716
17carecredit.com1273.05%1375151920
18betterhelp.com1212.91%1512162019
19consumerreports.org1092.62%1216191824
20cvs.com1062.55%1135202123
21singlecare.com982.36%1535182429
22usnews.com912.19%10471471617
23everydayhealth.com902.16%1058212925
24clearchoice.com862.07%1031252722
25revitalizedentalky.com791.90%901223630
26facebook.com771.85%8312322531
27growtherapy.com741.78%862242845
28helpguide.org731.75%813273037
29safehome.org731.75%891-2318
30teladochealth.com731.75%915303232
31realdentalcosts.com721.73%931583121
32aarp.org721.73%787902226
33google.com711.71%35110313828
34hearadvisor.com681.64%721283339
35medicalnewstoday.com671.61%729293934
36express-scripts.com641.54%772334133
37everlywell.com641.54%1032263550
38bayalarmmedical.com581.39%891-2627
39mayoclinic.org571.37%717354042
40helloklarity.com561.35%704364438
41nih.gov551.32%6711383746
42mylabbox.com501.20%771344266
43verywellmind.com491.18%582764735
44weightwatchers.com481.15%713405544
45fda.gov461.11%516394360
46medicalguardian.com461.11%601-3436
47openpathcollective.org461.11%472425648
48ro.co461.11%504536140
49drugs.com441.06%494625343
50redentklinik.com431.03%501455157
51ashasexualhealth.org421.01%511375280
52testing.com421.01%641664953
53smartarchesdental.com410.99%431864547
54elehear.com400.96%471465963
55plannedparenthood.org400.96%583436472
56online-therapy.com400.96%412844851
57thedentalexpress.com380.91%391875049
58choosingtherapy.com380.91%463416968
59findoctave.com380.91%432566264
60costplusdrugs.com380.91%401486379
61theseniorlist.com370.89%3832354641
62webmd.com370.89%396546562
63walmart.com360.86%466816055
64yahoo.com350.84%3574757117
65cdc.gov350.84%385605874
66mainstreetdentalnewark.com340.82%341598356
67stluciedentist.com330.79%331447596
68logandental.net330.79%331707459
69buzzrx.com330.79%384497889
70clevelandclinic.org330.79%3386454100
71hearusa.com320.77%3215268110
72clearwayhealth.com320.77%322739261
73joinblossomhealth.com300.72%302759469
74hopkinsmedicine.org290.70%3141108554
75mytrustmedical.com290.70%4426177113
76e-counseling.com290.70%2912087952
77ccrmivf.com280.67%41250101130
78instagram.com280.67%356798475
79medlineplus.gov270.65%2755176277
80audienhearing.com270.65%461918676
81onlinedoctor.com270.65%28355150103
82talkiatry.com270.65%302829087
83labcorp.com270.65%48157125120
84cnet.com260.62%2679270102
85nuviasmiles.com260.62%4016971127
86smileworksnyc.com260.62%3018967108
87livhospital.com260.62%3066372149
88boomcloudapps.com250.60%32117710058
89zocdoc.com240.58%35210210685
90wellrx.com240.58%3027493174
91amwell.com240.58%2439491115
92biteclubchi.com230.55%2311338282
93forhers.com230.55%25315212170
94thegoodtrade.com230.55%23293108119
95noom.com230.55%28312114671
96today.com220.53%2251159692
97dentistoxnard.com220.53%22185113109
98nationsdentalstudio.com220.53%2219711497
99cnyfertility.com220.53%42271117155
100harvard.edu220.53%22572138131

The full ranking should not be interpreted as a universal hierarchy of medical authority. It describes the websites most often surfaced as visible sources inside this defined Google AI Overviews prompt population and time window.

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How Concentrated Is Health and Medical AIO Citation Visibility?

Ranking depthShare of domain-response appearancesShare of citation events
Top 1018.03%22.11%
Top 2530.38%34.86%
Top 5040.22%46.27%
Top 10050.24%55.94%

The Top 100 capture 50.2% of domain-response appearances. That is higher than the 44.9% observed across all platforms in the broader Health and Medical study, but close to the 51.9% observed across Google AI Overviews overall.

The key difference is source identity. Only 29 domains appear in both the health and medical AIO Top 100 and the broad AIO Top 100.

That means category specialization changes who matters much more than it changes the overall depth of the source market.

This section answers

  • Is health and medical AIO citation visibility concentrated?
  • Does the category have a shorter source tail than AIO overall?
  • Can broad platform concentration statistics substitute for a healthcare source map?

Which Sources Gain the Most When the Analysis Is Restricted to Health and Medical Decisions?

DomainHealth/Medical AIO RankHealth/Medical CoverageAIO Overall CoverageCategory Lift
aspendental.com65.58%1.31%4.26x
doctorondemand.com94.64%1.09%4.26x
sesamecare.com104.54%1.07%4.26x
affordabledentures.com114.25%1.00%4.26x
talkspace.com143.80%0.89%4.26x
plushcare.com153.77%0.89%4.26x
walgreens.com163.20%0.75%4.26x
betterhelp.com182.91%0.68%4.26x
cvs.com202.55%0.60%4.26x
clearchoice.com242.07%0.48%4.26x
revitalizedentalky.com251.90%0.45%4.26x
growtherapy.com271.78%0.42%4.26x
helpguide.org281.75%0.41%4.26x
teladochealth.com301.75%0.41%4.26x
hearadvisor.com341.64%0.38%4.26x
express-scripts.com361.54%0.36%4.26x
everlywell.com371.54%0.36%4.26x
bayalarmmedical.com381.39%0.33%4.26x
mylabbox.com421.20%0.28%4.26x
verywellmind.com431.18%0.28%4.26x

Many specialist healthcare sources are approximately four times more visible in the category slice than in the broad AIO panel. That is partly mechanical because the broad denominator contains three other research families, but it is strategically useful: it identifies the domains whose AIO visibility is disproportionately associated with health and medical questions.

Examples include Talkspace, Sesame Care, PlushCare, Walgreens, Teladoc Health, WeightWatchers, MyLabBox, Medical Guardian and FDA.gov.

By contrast, some domains that are powerful in broad AIO lose relative importance in this health and medical slice. Reddit falls from 11.7% broad AIO response coverage to 5.8% here, while Forbes falls from 8.0% to 5.1%.

For CMOs, this is the practical reason to build publisher targets from the category slice rather than from the broad platform leaderboard.

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Which Domains Have the Broadest Health and Medical Footprint?

DomainHealth/Medical VerticalsAIO Health CoverageRank
reddit.com135.82%5
youtube.com1211.27%1
goodrx.com1210.14%2
facebook.com121.85%26
nih.gov111.32%41
amazon.com106.47%4
healthline.com105.34%7
google.com101.71%33
medicalnewstoday.com91.61%35
everydayhealth.com82.16%23
clevelandclinic.org80.79%70
usnews.com72.19%22
aarp.org71.73%32
mayoclinic.org71.37%39
yahoo.com70.84%64

Breadth is a different asset from category rank.

Reddit appears across 13 health and medical verticals even though it ranks fifth overall. NIH appears across 11 verticals but ranks #41 because its coverage is distributed across many smaller prompt clusters. YouTube and GoodRx combine both breadth and high overall coverage.

This distinction is useful for publishers and brands:

  • broad authority means appearing across many different health decisions; and
  • specialist authority means being unusually visible inside one commercial decision cluster.

A specialist can be strategically more important than a broad publisher for a narrow campaign even when its category-wide rank is lower.

The Most-Cited Sources by Individual Health and Medical Vertical

Health and medical verticalAIO responses#1 sourceCoverage#2 sourceCoverage#3 sourceCoverage
Addiction Treatment Centers49americanaddictioncenters.org34.7%thebalance.clinic12.2%thesummitsanctuary.com12.2%
Assisted Living Facilities99seniorliving.org5.0%mcknightsseniorliving.com3.0%reddit.com3.0%
Dental Implants535aspendental.com43.4%affordabledentures.com33.1%carecredit.com22.1%
Fertility Clinics316ccrmivf.com8.9%youtube.com5.1%cnyfertility.com4.8%
Hearing Aids474ncoa.org39.5%hearingtracker.com35.4%youtube.com27.9%
Home Health Care291visitingangels.com5.5%franchisechatter.com3.8%youtube.com3.8%
IVF Clinics323ccrmivf.com7.7%cnyfertility.com5.6%goodrx.com5.3%
Medical Alert Systems293ncoa.org31.7%seniorliving.org26.6%safehome.org24.9%
Mental Health Treatment Centers217mcleanhospital.org2.8%americanaddictioncenters.org2.3%hollywoodreporter.com1.8%
Online Doctors492sesamecare.com30.3%doctorondemand.com26.4%plushcare.com26.2%
Online Pharmacies515goodrx.com32.2%amazon.com30.1%walgreens.com16.3%
Online Therapy437talkspace.com34.5%betterhelp.com27.7%forbes.com17.6%
STD Tests215everlywell.com24.2%mylabbox.com23.3%goodrx.com20.5%
Weight Loss and Metabolic Health195forbes.com17.9%youtube.com16.9%healthline.com12.8%

The vertical cuts show why a single category ranking is not enough.

  • Addiction Treatment Centers: American Addiction Centers leads at 34.7% in the smaller measured panel.
  • Assisted Living Facilities: SeniorLiving.org leads, but the source market is highly fragmented and no source exceeds 5.1% coverage.
  • Dental Implants: Aspen Dental leads at 43.4%, followed by Affordable Dentures at 33.1% and CareCredit at 22.1%.
  • Fertility Clinics: CCRM leads at 8.9%, with YouTube and CNY Fertility following.
  • Hearing Aids: NCOA leads at 39.5%, HearingTracker follows at 35.4%, and YouTube reaches 27.8%.
  • Home Health Care: Visiting Angels leads at 5.5%, but this source vertical includes some franchise and employment-adjacent prompts and should be interpreted accordingly.
  • IVF Clinics: CCRM leads at 7.7%, followed by CNY Fertility and GoodRx.
  • Medical Alert Systems: NCOA leads at 31.7%, followed by SeniorLiving.org at 26.6% and SafeHome.org at 24.9%. This source vertical has no July dataset in the frozen panel.
  • Mental Health Treatment Centers: McLean Hospital leads at 2.8%, with a very fragmented source market.
  • Online Doctors: Sesame Care leads at 30.3%, followed by Doctor On Demand and PlushCare at roughly 26% each.
  • Online Pharmacies: GoodRx leads at 32.2%, followed by Amazon at 30.1% and Walgreens at 16.3%.
  • Online Therapy: Talkspace leads at 34.6%, followed by BetterHelp at 27.7% and Forbes at 17.6%.
  • STD Tests: Everlywell leads at 24.2%, narrowly ahead of MyLabBox at 23.3%.
  • Weight Loss and Metabolic Health: Forbes leads at 17.9%, followed by YouTube at 16.9% and Healthline at 12.8%.

Fertility Clinics and IVF Clinics overlap conceptually and should not be treated as statistically independent markets. The vertical labels are source dataset labels, not a claim that the 14 labels form mutually exclusive clinical industries.

This section answers

  • Which sources lead Google AI Overviews in each health and medical vertical?
  • Where do provider-owned sites, specialist publishers, comparison sites and marketplaces lead?
  • Which verticals show the most fragmented citation visibility?

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Health and Medical AIO Rankings Were Persistent at the Core, but Not Static

Month comparisonShared Top 100 domainsJaccard similarity
July vs. August7965.29%
July vs. September7053.85%
August vs. September8472.41%

Across all three months, 69 domains remained in the Google AI Overviews health and medical Top 100. The median of the three monthly Top 100 Jaccard comparisons was 65.3%.

The top ranks were comparatively persistent:

  • YouTube moved #2 to #1 to #1.
  • GoodRx moved #1 to #2 to #2.
  • NCOA moved #10 to #3 to #3.
  • Amazon moved #3 to #4 to #4.
  • Reddit moved #4 to #5 to #8.

The July-to-September Top 100 Jaccard similarity was 53.8%. This is meaningful continuity, but it still means 30 of the July Top 100 domains were outside the September Top 100.

Aggregate Top 100 persistence should not be confused with same-prompt source stability. The separate citation-drift study shows that repeated questions can change source sets even while the category leaderboard remains relatively recognizable.

How This Study Relates to Other Health and AI Search Research

BrightEdge: Google AI Overviews and ChatGPT use different healthcare source mixes

BrightEdge's August 31, 2026 healthcare analysis compares Google AI Overviews with ChatGPT using cited-domain presence. In its tracked healthcare prompt set, ChatGPT's leading sources were institutional, while BrightEdge reported that YouTube had become a major Google AI Overviews healthcare source and remained elevated through July. (BrightEdge healthcare authority study)

That is directionally consistent with the LLMAI result that YouTube ranks #1 in this Google AI Overviews health and medical panel. The numerical percentages should not be compared directly because the prompt populations, periods and measurement systems differ.

Conductor: health care triggers AIO frequently and its cited source mix differs by subindustry

Conductor's 2026 Health Care AEO/GEO benchmark reports that 48.7% of page-one Google queries in its health care sample produced an AI Overview, and identifies Healthline as the largest AIO share-of-voice domain across its broader health care industry benchmark. Conductor also reports substantial citation differences by health subindustry and page type. (Conductor health care benchmarks)

The LLMAI study differs because it starts with a defined set of commercial high-stakes consumer decisions and counts every cited registrable domain, including marketplaces, provider-owned sites, video, community sources and specialist publishers. That narrower commercial prompt mix helps explain why YouTube, GoodRx, NCOA and Amazon rank above Healthline in this AIO category slice.

Web Science 2026: independent health-query audit also found elevated YouTube citations

A 2026 Web Science conference study audited 900 U.S. health-related queries and reported 87.7% AI Overview prevalence, only 46.2% source overlap between organic results and AI citations, and a shift toward user-generated multimedia in AI citations, with YouTube the second-most-cited source. (Web Science health-query audit)

The study's clinical and informational query mix is different from LLMAI's commercial decision set, but the independent observation that YouTube can rank unusually high in health-related AI Overviews is relevant context for the result here.

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How the LLM Authority Index Study Is Different

This study is not positioned as the largest healthcare AI citation dataset. Conductor and other providers operate much larger cross-industry indexes.

The defensible distinction is the combination of:

  • one defined platform family: Google AI Overviews;
  • one high-stakes commercial decision family: Health and Medical;
  • 14 explicitly enumerated source vertical labels;
  • three monthly measurement periods;
  • response-level registrable-domain citation coverage as the primary metric;
  • raw visible citation events as a secondary metric;
  • global exact-repeat handling across overlapping source exports;
  • Public Suffix List registrable-domain consolidation;
  • explicit extraction-failure accounting;
  • comparison against both the all-platform Health and Medical ranking and the overall Google AI Overviews ranking; and
  • commercial interpretation for publishers, healthcare brands and CMOs.

Why AI Citation Studies Can Disagree

Two studies can produce different health-source rankings without either one being methodologically invalid. The common reasons are especially important in healthcare:

  1. Prompt intent. Disease definitions, symptom questions, treatment questions and commercial provider comparisons surface different source classes.
  2. Vertical mix. Hearing aids, dental implants, online pharmacies and fertility clinics do not share the same source ecosystem.
  3. Platform surface. Google AI Overviews, Google AI Mode and ChatGPT can use different source pools even for related questions.
  4. Time window. Health sources can move materially across weeks or months.
  5. Metric. Raw citation share, response coverage, unique URLs, unique domains and brand mention share answer different questions.
  6. Domain normalization. Subdomains and country domains may be consolidated differently.
  7. Prompt geography. Health services, pharmacies, insurers and provider options are location-sensitive.
  8. Infrastructure filtering. Search wrappers, maps, images and technical resources can distort rankings if treated as publishers.
  9. Duplicate handling. Overlapping exports or repeated prompts can overweight a source if not deduplicated consistently.
  10. Product rollout and citation exposure. Different collection tools may observe different visible citation contracts.

For this reason, LLMAI reports the denominator and counting rules alongside the ranking rather than presenting the Top 100 as a universal statement about medical authority.

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What the Results Mean for Health and Medical Publishers

1. Demonstrate category-specific visibility

A publisher can document its response citation coverage inside the Health and Medical family rather than relying on broad web visibility claims.

2. Separate breadth from specialist depth

Healthline and Reddit have broad vertical footprints. HearingTracker, SafeHome, Everlywell, MyLabBox and Talkspace can demonstrate more concentrated strength in specific commercial decisions.

3. Treat video as a real AIO source class

YouTube's #1 ranking means health publishers cannot assume the relevant competitive set is limited to text publishers and provider websites. Video pages and channels can occupy visible citation slots.

4. Preserve high-performing decision pages

Domain authority is only the first layer. The actual citation points to a specific URL. Publishers should identify pages that repeatedly earn citations, preserve their URLs, keep data current and track citation persistence at the page level.

What the Results Mean for Healthcare CMOs and Brands

1. Build a vertical-specific source map

A medical alert company should not use the same source target list as an online therapy company. Start from the exact vertical and prompt cluster.

2. Separate first-party citation from earned-media citation

A brand can earn visibility through its own site, independent publisher coverage, marketplace pages, community sources or video. Measure those pathways separately.

3. Benchmark before launching outreach

Run the commercial prompt set first. Record mentions, recommendations, cited domains and cited URLs. Then prioritize the third-party sources that recur in the exact decision cluster.

4. Avoid converting citation visibility into a medical-quality claim

AIO citation frequency is a visibility metric. It is not a clinical-quality score, safety rating or endorsement.

5. Re-run the same prompt set after material changes

The monthly results show enough source movement that campaign evaluation should use matched prompts and repeated measurements, not a one-time screenshot.

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Methodology

Parent dataset

The parent LLM Authority Index corpus covers July, August and September 2026 observations across six AI platform families and 53 source vertical labels. The flagship study analyzes 60,881 deduplicated responses and 278,499 visible citation events after frozen eligibility and anti-double-counting rules.

Platform and category restriction

This article restricts the frozen analytical corpus to observations assigned to:

  • Platform family: Google AI Overviews
  • Research family: Health and Medical
  • Months: July, August and September 2026

Explicit extraction failures

Observations whose archived extraction metadata explicitly marked the response as an extraction failure were excluded before ranking.

Exact-repeat anti-double-counting

For analytical anti-double-counting, LLMAI retains one record when multiple source records have the same:

  • report month;
  • exact raw platform/source surface;
  • normalized prompt text; and
  • exact set of original citation URLs.

This is an anti-double-counting rule for overlapping source exports. It is not a claim that an underlying prompt was executed only once.

Prompt normalization

Prompt text is normalized with Unicode NFKC normalization, case folding, whitespace collapse and trimming for the exact-repeat key.

Domain normalization

Citation URLs are parsed to hostnames, lowercased, stripped of www., and consolidated to the registrable domain using the Public Suffix List. For example, subdomains such as finance.yahoo.com roll up to yahoo.com.

Infrastructure exclusions

The series excludes obvious navigation or technical infrastructure that should not be interpreted as a publisher source, including known image, map and search-wrapper infrastructure. No infrastructure citations were removed from this specific AIO Health and Medical slice under the frozen rule set.

Primary ranking metric: Response Citation Coverage

For a domain d:

Response Citation Coverage(d) = eligible responses citing d / all eligible responses in the slice

A domain counts at most once per response for this primary metric, even if multiple URLs from that domain are cited in the same response.

Secondary metric: visible citation events

Raw visible citation events are retained as a secondary metric. They measure citation depth and repeated URLs, but are not the primary rank because citation exposure can differ by platform and response.

Vertical membership

The vertical labels originate from the source datasets. They should not be interpreted as 14 statistically independent clinical industries. Fertility Clinics and IVF Clinics overlap heavily, Home Health Care contains some employment/franchise-adjacent prompts, and Medical Alert Systems has no July source dataset in the frozen panel.

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Limitations

  • This is a defined high-stakes consumer-decision prompt population, not a random sample of all health questions on Google.
  • The study measures visible citations captured in the archived response data, not Google's internal retrieval process.
  • Citation does not prove endorsement, recommendation, trust, medical quality or causal influence.
  • The 14 vertical labels have unequal response counts.
  • Some verticals are much more commercially focused than clinical.
  • Fertility Clinics and IVF Clinics are overlapping source labels.
  • Home Health Care includes some franchise and employment-adjacent intent.
  • Medical Alert Systems lacks a July source dataset.
  • Results may differ by geography, account state, language, query wording, product rollout and collection method.
  • A domain-level ranking can hide substantial URL-level churn.
  • The study does not evaluate the clinical accuracy of cited pages.

Commercial Relationship Disclosure

LLM Authority Index is part of a business ecosystem that provides AI visibility, research, and marketing services. Affiliated businesses may have current or historical commercial relationships with companies or publishers that appear in the dataset. Commercial relationships are not inputs to ranking methodology. Domains are included based on observed citation data. A ranking is not an endorsement, and the presence or absence of a relationship should not be interpreted as the cause of a result.

References

  1. LLM Authority Index: The Most-Cited Websites in AI for High-Stakes Health and Medical Consumer Decisions
  2. LLM Authority Index: The 100 Most-Cited Websites in Google AI Overviews for High-Stakes Consumer Decisions
  3. LLM Authority Index: How Stable Are AI Citations? Measuring Citation Drift From July to September 2026
  4. BrightEdge: Institution or Platform? What Health and Finance Citations Reveal About ChatGPT and Google AI Overviews
  5. Conductor: Health Care Industry 2026 AEO / GEO Benchmarks
  6. Web Science 2026: Information Diversity and Authority Shifts in Google's AI Overviews: An Audit of Health Queries

Related LLM Authority Index Research

Parent studies and measurement framework

Sibling Health and Medical platform studies

Health and Medical Reddit trend studies

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