HVAC Services AI Visibility Ranking Trends - November 2026

Tracking how AI platforms recommend hvac services ai visibility ranking trends. Updated monthly since April 2026.

Mark Huntley, J.D.
By Mark Huntley, J.D.Growth Strategist & AI Discovery Analyst
17 minutes read
Browse 1 archived editions

Answer capsule

The November 2026 HVAC Services benchmark compares 10 companies across 694 AI answers that met its inclusion rules. Trane leads with 558 recommendations (80.40% of answers). At least one tracked company was recommended in 563 answers; some answers recommended several companies.

The rankings distinguish being mentioned from receiving an affirmative recommendation, then examine placement and the wording used about each company. Earlier monthly results show how counts and rates changed, with each month using its own answer total. These results describe the answers reviewed, not product quality or customer satisfaction. Differences between monthly samples limit comparisons and do not establish why a result changed.

For the strategic interpretation of this benchmark, read CiteWorks Studio's analysis of How AI Search Is Recommending HVAC Services

Industry leaderboard

Questions This Section Answers

  • How do HVAC Services rank by recorded AI recommendations in November 2026?

Rank

Company

Recommendations

Recommendation rate

Mention rate

Top 3 rate

#1 rate

Net sentiment

1

Trane

558

80.40%

99.71%

75.07%

47.55%

0.85

2

Carrier

551

79.39%

99.86%

73.92%

29.97%

0.84

3

Lennox

517

74.50%

95.53%

48.85%

5.91%

0.82

4

American Standard

481

69.31%

86.89%

47.84%

21.61%

0.84

5

Goodman

476

68.59%

90.49%

7.49%

1.59%

0.79

6

Rheem

419

60.37%

77.23%

10.52%

0.72%

0.83

7

Daikin

369

53.17%

79.54%

11.67%

2.16%

0.72

8

Bryant

263

37.90%

59.51%

20.46%

3.03%

0.69

9

York (Johnson Controls)

14

2.02%

15.71%

0.14%

0.00%

0.25

10

ARS / Rescue Rooter

3

0.43%

1.87%

0.14%

0.00%

0.23

The leaderboard orders companies by how many answers affirmatively recommended them. That count is a volume measure, so a company can appear often yet be recommended less consistently, or be recommended often while rarely placed first. Ties should be read as equal recommendation counts, not as shared or split credit.

Mentions, recommendations and placements answer different questions. A mention records appearance; a recommendation records endorsement; a placement records position within an endorsement. Because placements are nested inside recommendations, they should be read alongside recommendation counts rather than summed with them.

Key findings

Tracked-company answer coverage

Questions This Section Answers

  • How often did the November 2026 HVAC Services answer sample recommend any tracked company?

Answer-level result

Qualified answers

Share of qualified answers

At least one tracked company mentioned

694

100.00%

At least one tracked company recommended

563

81.12%

No tracked company recommended

131

18.88%

Multiple tracked companies recommended

561

80.84%

563 distinct answers recommended at least one tracked company. Counting each company recommendation separately gives 3651, because an answer can recommend several companies. Answers with no tracked recommendation may still have recommended companies outside this comparison.

Coverage describes how often tracked companies appear across the reviewed answers. Nearly every answer mentioned at least one tracked company, and most recommended at least one. Because a single answer can name several companies, company-level totals exceed the number of answers and should not be added together as if each answer counted once.

Answers without a tracked recommendation are still recorded results; they may have recommended companies outside this comparison. Coverage therefore describes the presence of the tracked set in these answers, not overall market dominance or share of voice.

Reach and affirmative recommendation

Trane ranks 1 by recommendation count. Mentions: 692 (99.71%); recommendations: 558 (80.40%). Top 3 placements: 521 (75.07%); first-place placements: 330 (47.55%).

Wording about the company: 586 positive, 106 neutral, 0 negative mentions. The proportion of mentions that also included a recommendation was 80.6%. The net framing score was 0.85 (defined in Methodology).

134 mentions had no recorded recommendation. Of recorded recommendations, 93.37% were Top 3 and 59.14% were first-place.

Reach separates appearance from endorsement. Trane was mentioned in almost every answer and recommended in a large majority, so its mentions and recommendations are close but not identical. The gap between the two represents mentions where the company appeared without an affirmative recommendation.

A high mention rate does not by itself establish recommendation, and a high recommendation count does not establish first-place standing. These are separate recorded measures from the same answers, and the leaderboard rank reflects recommendation volume only.

Recommendation order and placement

Company

Mentions

Recommendation-to-mention ratio

Top 3 / #1 counts

Positive / neutral / negative mentions

Trane

692

80.6%

521 / 330

586 / 106 / 0

Carrier

693

79.5%

513 / 208

583 / 110 / 0

Lennox

663

78.0%

339 / 41

541 / 122 / 0

American Standard

603

79.8%

332 / 150

506 / 97 / 0

Goodman

628

75.8%

52 / 11

497 / 130 / 1

Rheem

536

78.2%

73 / 5

444 / 92 / 0

Daikin

552

66.8%

81 / 15

399 / 153 / 0

Bryant

413

63.7%

142 / 21

287 / 126 / 0

York (Johnson Controls)

109

12.8%

1 / 0

27 / 82 / 0

ARS / Rescue Rooter

13

23.1%

1 / 0

3 / 10 / 0

Placement describes where a recommended company sat within an answer's ordering. Top-three and first-place counts are subsets of recommendations, not additional endorsements, so they should never be added to recommendation totals. A company can be recommended frequently yet rarely placed near the top.

The recommendation-to-mention ratio compares endorsements with appearances in the recorded answers. It is a wording measure, not a conversion or sales measure, and it does not show why an answer endorsed one company over another.

Classified framing in context

Company

Positive

Neutral

Negative

Trane

586

106

0

Carrier

583

110

0

Lennox

541

122

0

American Standard

506

97

0

Goodman

497

130

1

Rheem

444

92

0

Daikin

399

153

0

Bryant

287

126

0

York (Johnson Controls)

27

82

0

ARS / Rescue Rooter

3

10

0

Framing classifies the wording used when a company is mentioned. Positive, neutral and negative labels describe how the answer phrased its reference, not how customers feel or how good a company's products are. Most mentions in this sample carried positive wording, with neutral wording common and negative wording rare.

Framing and recommendation are related but distinct: an answer can mention a company positively without recommending it. The net framing score summarizes that wording balance and should not be read as a reputation or satisfaction measure.

Company results in detail

Trane

Questions This Section Answers

  • What do the November 2026 AI answer results show about Trane mentions, recommendations and placement?

Trane ranks 1 by recommendation count. Mentions: 692 (99.71%); recommendations: 558 (80.40%). Top 3 placements: 521 (75.07%); first-place placements: 330 (47.55%).

Wording about the company: 586 positive, 106 neutral, 0 negative mentions. The proportion of mentions that also included a recommendation was 80.6%. The net framing score was 0.85 (defined in Methodology).

134 mentions had no recorded recommendation. Of recorded recommendations, 93.37% were Top 3 and 59.14% were first-place.

From October 2026 to November 2026, Trane's mention count rose from 676 to 692, while its recommendation count rose from 528 to 558. The recommendation rate was 77.76% and 80.40% respectively.

Trane leads on recommendation volume and is mentioned in nearly every answer, with most mentions also carrying an endorsement. Its placements skew strongly toward the top of answer orderings, and first-place appearances are a large share of its recommendations. Wording is overwhelmingly positive with no negative mentions recorded.

Compared with the prior month, both mentions and recommendations rose, and the recommendation rate increased. That is a recorded comparison across separate monthly samples, not evidence of a cause or of durable standing.

Carrier

Questions This Section Answers

  • What do the November 2026 AI answer results show about Carrier mentions, recommendations and placement?

Carrier ranks 2 by recommendation count. Mentions: 693 (99.86%); recommendations: 551 (79.39%). Top 3 placements: 513 (73.92%); first-place placements: 208 (29.97%).

Wording about the company: 583 positive, 110 neutral, 0 negative mentions. The proportion of mentions that also included a recommendation was 79.5%. The net framing score was 0.84 (defined in Methodology).

142 mentions had no recorded recommendation. Of recorded recommendations, 93.10% were Top 3 and 37.75% were first-place.

From October 2026 to November 2026, Carrier's mention count rose from 676 to 693, while its recommendation count rose from 527 to 551. The recommendation rate was 77.61% and 79.39% respectively.

Carrier sits just behind the leader on recommendation count while appearing in essentially every answer. Its recommendation-to-mention ratio is close to Trane's, but its first-place share is markedly lower, so it is endorsed often yet less often placed at the very top. Wording is largely positive with no negative mentions.

Mentions and recommendations both rose from the previous month, alongside a higher recommendation rate. These are separate monthly samples, so the movement describes the recorded results rather than a demonstrated trend.

Lennox

Questions This Section Answers

  • What do the November 2026 AI answer results show about Lennox mentions, recommendations and placement?

Lennox ranks 3 by recommendation count. Mentions: 663 (95.53%); recommendations: 517 (74.50%). Top 3 placements: 339 (48.85%); first-place placements: 41 (5.91%).

Wording about the company: 541 positive, 122 neutral, 0 negative mentions. The proportion of mentions that also included a recommendation was 78.0%. The net framing score was 0.82 (defined in Methodology).

146 mentions had no recorded recommendation. Of recorded recommendations, 65.57% were Top 3 and 7.93% were first-place.

From October 2026 to November 2026, Lennox's mention count rose from 635 to 663, while its recommendation count rose from 494 to 517. The recommendation rate was 72.75% and 74.50% respectively.

Lennox is mentioned in most answers and recommended in roughly three-quarters of them, placing it third by recommendation volume. Its top-three placements are moderate relative to its recommendations, and first-place appearances are comparatively rare, so endorsement frequency and top positioning diverge here. Wording is mostly positive with no negatives.

Both mentions and recommendations increased from the prior month, and the recommendation rate edged upward. The comparison is between distinct monthly samples and does not establish why the figures moved.

American Standard

Questions This Section Answers

  • What do the November 2026 AI answer results show about American Standard mentions, recommendations and placement?

American Standard ranks 4 by recommendation count. Mentions: 603 (86.89%); recommendations: 481 (69.31%). Top 3 placements: 332 (47.84%); first-place placements: 150 (21.61%).

Wording about the company: 506 positive, 97 neutral, 0 negative mentions. The proportion of mentions that also included a recommendation was 79.8%. The net framing score was 0.84 (defined in Methodology).

122 mentions had no recorded recommendation. Of recorded recommendations, 69.02% were Top 3 and 31.19% were first-place.

From October 2026 to November 2026, American Standard's mention count rose from 559 to 603, while its recommendation count rose from 448 to 481. The recommendation rate was 65.98% and 69.31% respectively.

American Standard combines broad mention coverage with a recommendation rate near the top of the field, and its first-place share is among the stronger ones. Its recommendation-to-mention ratio is high, meaning appearances frequently carried an endorsement. Wording is predominantly positive with no negative mentions.

Mentions and recommendations both rose from the previous month, and the recommendation rate increased. Because monthly samples differ, these are recorded changes rather than evidence of a cause or of improving standing.

Goodman

Questions This Section Answers

  • What do the November 2026 AI answer results show about Goodman mentions, recommendations and placement?

Goodman ranks 5 by recommendation count. Mentions: 628 (90.49%); recommendations: 476 (68.59%). Top 3 placements: 52 (7.49%); first-place placements: 11 (1.59%).

Wording about the company: 497 positive, 130 neutral, 1 negative mentions. The proportion of mentions that also included a recommendation was 75.8%. The net framing score was 0.79 (defined in Methodology).

152 mentions had no recorded recommendation. Of recorded recommendations, 10.92% were Top 3 and 2.31% were first-place.

From October 2026 to November 2026, Goodman's mention count rose from 612 to 628, while its recommendation count rose from 449 to 476. The recommendation rate was 66.13% and 68.59% respectively.

Goodman is mentioned widely and recommended in a substantial majority of answers, but its placements are strikingly shallow: top-three and first-place appearances are rare relative to its recommendation count. Endorsement frequency and top positioning therefore tell very different stories for this company. Wording is mostly positive, with a single negative mention recorded.

Mentions and recommendations rose from the prior month, and the recommendation rate increased slightly. These are separate samples, so the movement should be read as recorded comparison only.

Rheem

Questions This Section Answers

  • What do the November 2026 AI answer results show about Rheem mentions, recommendations and placement?

Rheem ranks 6 by recommendation count. Mentions: 536 (77.23%); recommendations: 419 (60.37%). Top 3 placements: 73 (10.52%); first-place placements: 5 (0.72%).

Wording about the company: 444 positive, 92 neutral, 0 negative mentions. The proportion of mentions that also included a recommendation was 78.2%. The net framing score was 0.83 (defined in Methodology).

117 mentions had no recorded recommendation. Of recorded recommendations, 17.42% were Top 3 and 1.19% were first-place.

From October 2026 to November 2026, Rheem's mention count rose from 492 to 536, while its recommendation count rose from 365 to 419. The recommendation rate was 53.76% and 60.37% respectively.

Rheem is mentioned in a majority of answers and recommended in a clear majority of those mentions, giving it a solid recommendation-to-mention ratio. Its placements, however, are infrequent: top-three appearances are uncommon and first-place appearances very rare. Wording is largely positive with no negative mentions.

Mentions and recommendations both rose from the previous month, and the recommendation rate climbed noticeably. That comparison spans different monthly samples and does not show why the figures changed.

Daikin

Questions This Section Answers

  • What do the November 2026 AI answer results show about Daikin mentions, recommendations and placement?

Daikin ranks 7 by recommendation count. Mentions: 552 (79.54%); recommendations: 369 (53.17%). Top 3 placements: 81 (11.67%); first-place placements: 15 (2.16%).

Wording about the company: 399 positive, 153 neutral, 0 negative mentions. The proportion of mentions that also included a recommendation was 66.8%. The net framing score was 0.72 (defined in Methodology).

183 mentions had no recorded recommendation. Of recorded recommendations, 21.95% were Top 3 and 4.07% were first-place.

From October 2026 to November 2026, Daikin's mention count rose from 500 to 552, while its recommendation count rose from 341 to 369. The recommendation rate was 50.22% and 53.17% respectively.

Daikin is mentioned in most answers but recommended in only about half of them, so its recommendation-to-mention ratio is lower than the leading companies. Placements are infrequent, with first-place appearances rare. Neutral wording is more common here than for most peers, and no negative mentions were recorded.

Mentions and recommendations rose from the prior month, and the recommendation rate increased. These are recorded results from separate samples, not evidence of a cause or of durable movement.

Bryant

Questions This Section Answers

  • What do the November 2026 AI answer results show about Bryant mentions, recommendations and placement?

Bryant ranks 8 by recommendation count. Mentions: 413 (59.51%); recommendations: 263 (37.90%). Top 3 placements: 142 (20.46%); first-place placements: 21 (3.03%).

Wording about the company: 287 positive, 126 neutral, 0 negative mentions. The proportion of mentions that also included a recommendation was 63.7%. The net framing score was 0.69 (defined in Methodology).

150 mentions had no recorded recommendation. Of recorded recommendations, 53.99% were Top 3 and 7.98% were first-place.

From October 2026 to November 2026, Bryant's mention count rose from 363 to 413, while its recommendation count rose from 224 to 263. The recommendation rate was 32.99% and 37.90% respectively.

Bryant is mentioned in a majority of answers but recommended in a smaller share, giving it one of the lower recommendation-to-mention ratios among the mid-field companies. Its placements are moderate relative to its recommendations, with first-place appearances uncommon. Neutral wording is relatively frequent, and no negative mentions were recorded.

Mentions and recommendations both rose from the previous month, and the recommendation rate increased. The comparison is across distinct monthly samples and does not establish why.

York (Johnson Controls)

Questions This Section Answers

  • What do the November 2026 AI answer results show about York (Johnson Controls) mentions, recommendations and placement?

York (Johnson Controls) ranks 9 by recommendation count. Mentions: 109 (15.71%); recommendations: 14 (2.02%). Top 3 placements: 1 (0.14%); first-place placements: 0 (0.00%).

Wording about the company: 27 positive, 82 neutral, 0 negative mentions. The proportion of mentions that also included a recommendation was 12.8%. The net framing score was 0.25 (defined in Methodology).

95 mentions had no recorded recommendation. Of recorded recommendations, 7.14% were Top 3 and 0.00% were first-place.

From October 2026 to November 2026, York (Johnson Controls)'s mention count fell from 160 to 109, while its recommendation count fell from 54 to 14. The recommendation rate was 7.95% and 2.02% respectively.

York appears in a modest share of answers and is recommended in only a small fraction of them, so its recommendation-to-mention ratio is low. Placements are essentially absent, with a single top-three appearance and no first-place appearances. Neutral wording dominates its mentions, and no negatives were recorded.

Both mentions and recommendations fell from the previous month, and the recommendation rate declined. That is a recorded comparison between separate samples; it does not show why the figures changed or what it means for standing.

ARS / Rescue Rooter

Questions This Section Answers

  • What do the November 2026 AI answer results show about ARS / Rescue Rooter mentions, recommendations and placement?

ARS / Rescue Rooter ranks 10 by recommendation count. Mentions: 13 (1.87%); recommendations: 3 (0.43%). Top 3 placements: 1 (0.14%); first-place placements: 0 (0.00%).

Wording about the company: 3 positive, 10 neutral, 0 negative mentions. The proportion of mentions that also included a recommendation was 23.1%. The net framing score was 0.23 (defined in Methodology).

10 mentions had no recorded recommendation. Of recorded recommendations, 33.33% were Top 3 and 0.00% were first-place.

From October 2026 to November 2026, ARS / Rescue Rooter's mention count rose from 11 to 13, while its recommendation count fell from 4 to 3. The recommendation rate was 0.59% and 0.43% respectively.

ARS / Rescue Rooter appears in very few answers and is recommended in only a handful, so its counts are sparse and its ratios rest on small bases. Placements are minimal, with a single top-three appearance and no first-place appearances. Wording is mostly neutral, with a few positive mentions and no negatives.

Mentions rose slightly while recommendations fell by one from the previous month. With such small counts, month-to-month movement should be read cautiously and does not establish a trend.

Earlier ranking snapshot context

Questions This Section Answers

  • How do the available HVAC Services snapshots from July 2026 to November 2026 differ in recommendation coverage and measurement scope?

Company

Jul 2026

Aug 2026

Sep 2026

Oct 2026

Nov 2026

Trane

570 / 731 (77.98%)

526 / 711 (73.98%)

509 / 716 (71.09%)

528 / 679 (77.76%)

558 / 694 (80.40%)

Carrier

568 / 731 (77.70%)

526 / 711 (73.98%)

504 / 716 (70.39%)

527 / 679 (77.61%)

551 / 694 (79.39%)

Lennox

545 / 731 (74.56%)

504 / 711 (70.89%)

480 / 716 (67.04%)

494 / 679 (72.75%)

517 / 694 (74.50%)

American Standard

434 / 731 (59.37%)

429 / 711 (60.34%)

438 / 716 (61.17%)

448 / 679 (65.98%)

481 / 694 (69.31%)

Goodman

508 / 731 (69.49%)

480 / 711 (67.51%)

452 / 716 (63.13%)

449 / 679 (66.13%)

476 / 694 (68.59%)

Rheem

454 / 731 (62.11%)

421 / 711 (59.21%)

379 / 716 (52.93%)

365 / 679 (53.76%)

419 / 694 (60.37%)

Daikin

392 / 731 (53.63%)

352 / 711 (49.51%)

316 / 716 (44.13%)

341 / 679 (50.22%)

369 / 694 (53.17%)

Bryant

258 / 731 (35.29%)

253 / 711 (35.58%)

249 / 716 (34.78%)

224 / 679 (32.99%)

263 / 694 (37.90%)

York (Johnson Controls)

71 / 731 (9.71%)

54 / 711 (7.59%)

40 / 716 (5.59%)

54 / 679 (7.95%)

14 / 694 (2.02%)

ARS / Rescue Rooter

3 / 731 (0.41%)

1 / 711 (0.14%)

4 / 716 (0.56%)

4 / 679 (0.59%)

3 / 694 (0.43%)

Company

Jul 2026 rank

Aug 2026 rank

Sep 2026 rank

Oct 2026 rank

Nov 2026 rank

Trane

1

1

1

1

1

Carrier

2

1

2

2

2

Lennox

3

3

3

3

3

American Standard

6

5

5

5

4

Goodman

4

4

4

4

5

Rheem

5

6

6

6

6

Daikin

7

7

7

7

7

Bryant

8

8

8

8

8

York (Johnson Controls)

9

9

9

9

9

ARS / Rescue Rooter

10

10

10

10

10

Only months with verified results are shown. Monthly sample coverage is listed in Methodology.

The monthly history shows separate selected samples of AI answers, each with its own coverage. Counts, rates and ranks are reported for each month independently, so a change between months describes the recorded results rather than a verified trend, and smaller answer totals do not explain why a company's figures moved.

Ranks are ordered by recommendation count within each month. A stable rank across months does not establish equivalent sampling or durable standing, and a changed rate does not demonstrate improvement, loss or the effect of any intervention.

AI recommendation trend

Observed recommendation rate (%), Jul 2026 to Nov 2026

0%25%50%75%100%Jul 2026Aug 2026Sep 2026Oct 2026Nov 2026
  • Trane80.4%
  • Carrier79.4%
  • Lennox74.5%
  • American Standard69.3%
  • Goodman68.6%
  • Rheem60.4%
  • Daikin53.2%
  • Bryant37.9%
  • York (Johnson Controls)2.0%
  • ARS / Rescue Rooter0.4%

What the November Rankings Show

The November results show why reach, recommendation, placement and framing must be read as separate questions. Reach asks whether a company appeared; recommendation asks whether the answer affirmatively endorsed it; placement asks where that endorsement sat; framing asks how the wording was phrased. A company can be strong on one and weak on another.

The leaderboard ranks by recommendation volume, so it should not be read as a ranking of placement, framing or overall quality. Recommendation-to-mention ratios describe the recorded answers, not customers or sales. Framing labels describe wording, not sentiment or company quality, and none of these measures establishes why an answer endorsed one company over another.

Methodology

Questions This Section Answers

  • How were the November 2026 HVAC Services AI visibility measures counted, and what do they not establish?

This benchmark has partial coverage: 3 of 3 planned question categories contributed usable observations; 0 contributed none. This describes question-category coverage, not demonstrated platform outages. Findings apply to the available answer set.

The month in the title is the reporting period. The exact dates when the original AI answers were collected have not been verified.

Each company is counted at most once in each answer that meets the benchmark rules. A recommendation requires both an affirmative endorsement and positive wording. Mention, recommendation, Top 3 and first-place rates use the full benchmark answer total. Top 3 and first-place results are included within recommendations, not added to them.

The recommendation-to-mention ratio divides recommendations by mentions. It describes AI answer wording, not customer conversion. Net framing is positive minus negative mentions, divided by all mentions, on a scale from -1 to +1. It does not measure customer satisfaction or company quality.

Market: US; 10 tracked companies. AI services represented: ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, Google AI Mode, Google AI Overviews, Perplexity.

Research screening totals (answer observations can include repeated questions):

Screening measure

Count

Answers included in the benchmark

694

Answers marked relevant during screening

788

Answers marked reserved (screening label)

94

Answers marked irrelevant during screening

12

Captured answer observations

800

Distinct questions

492

Answer observations marked as mentioning a brand

800

The source does not provide a reader-facing definition of “reserved”; that screening label is reported without inferring a reason for exclusion. Only the included benchmark answers form the rate denominator.

One answer can mention or recommend several companies. Adding company totals would therefore count some answers more than once. The results describe the AI answers reviewed, not independently verified facts about the companies or their products.

Monthly sample coverage:

Reporting month

Answers included

AI services covered

Services

Jul 2026

731

6

ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, Google AI Mode, Google AI Overviews, Perplexity

Aug 2026

711

6

ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, Google AI Mode, Google AI Overviews, Perplexity

Sep 2026

716

6

ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, Google AI Mode, Google AI Overviews, Perplexity

Oct 2026

679

6

ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, Google AI Mode, Google AI Overviews, Perplexity

Nov 2026

694

6

ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, Google AI Mode, Google AI Overviews, Perplexity

The answer samples differ between months. These comparisons show how the recorded results changed; they do not establish why they changed.

These findings cover a partial set of AI answers across several services, and the exact collection dates have not been verified. Each company is counted at most once per answer, and placements are nested within recommendations rather than added to them. Rates use the full benchmark answer total as their denominator.

The recommendation-to-mention ratio and net framing score describe answer wording, not customer conversion, satisfaction or company quality. Monthly samples differ, so comparisons show how recorded results changed without establishing why. Results describe the reviewed answers, not independently verified facts about the companies.

Archived editions

Browse earlier published research snapshots for this article. The latest edition remains at the current URL.